![]() He took his proposed standard to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which still today produces standards documents that define how Internet protocols should operate and interoperate. Computer scientist and Internet pioneer Paul Mockapetris began work writing a standards document to define a replacement for host files. This centralized system quickly proved unscalable. The Stanford Research Institute (then a part of ARPANET) manually maintained the file, also known as the hosts file, in a single place, and distributed it to ARPANET users. A single text file named HOSTS.TXT served as a name-to-address map. ![]() Instead of remembering a computer’s IP address, such as 128.171.32.45, ARPANET users could enter names such as GOPHER-HAWAII. Each computer using the Internet had an IP address, but since there were so few IP addresses, memorizing them was not a big deal.Īs the number of machines quickly grew, people thought it would be a good idea to use more human-friendly names. First, let’s briefly review the history of DNS and what it includes.ĭNS stands for Domain Name System and is an Internet protocol that converts human-readable names to IP addresses, changes IP addresses back to names, and provides easy-to-remember names for many Internet-based services, such as e-mail.Īt the dawning of the Internet, or as it was known back then, the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), very few people and machines were online. The tools at our disposal to protect DNS include but are not limited to signature recognition (link), Response Rate Limiting(RRL) (link) and Response Policy Zones(RPZ) (link). We often get asked, “What is DNS Security and how does it work?” In this section of the site, we try to answer just that. So, the methods we use to defend DNS often have to stay away from the classic, simple blocking techniques. The process of securing DNS is complicated because, unlike most other protocols, the principal purpose of DNS is to both publish information as well as allow clients to access that information. However, most DNS attacks are either Authoritative or Caching Recursive. Just like wine, there are also a few outliers, such as DNS Tunneling attacks (link). Caching Recursive attacks, such as Cache Poisoning attacks, or DNS Hijacking attacks all target DNS vulnerabilities as well. Authoritative attacks include DDoS attacks, Amplification attacks (link), or Reflection attacks (link), to name a few. In DNS attacks, the two primary attack types are Authoritative attacks and Caching Recursive attacks. Additionally, because it is one of the most relied-on protocols, stopping attacks that use DNS as a vector can be extremely difficult to stop. As one of the oldest and most relied-on protocols of the modern Internet, DNS is utilized by almost all other services and protocols, making DNS a highly appealing target to attackers. The Domain Name System (DNS) is ubiquitous, underpinning virtually every interaction on the Internet. Welcome to the Infoblox DNS Security Resource Center! 1. The center includes a DNS security overview, as well as sections on DNS security issues & threats, DNSSEC solutions, best practices, DNS client security, and frequently asked questions. Consequently, Infoblox has created this resource center as a tool to explain the basics of DNSSEC, DNS security more broadly, and to provide additional resources for further learning and application. The process of securing DNS can be complicated. ![]() DNSSEC addresses this oversight by adding DNS security protocols that enhance security while maintaining backward compatibility. Unfortunately, the original design of the Domain Name System (DNS) did not include security considerations. This makes DNS an appealing target to attackers. DNS is one of the oldest and most relied-on protocols of the modern Internet and is utilized by almost all other Internet services and protocols. DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) are the suite of IETF specifications for securing DNS (DNS Security). ![]()
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